1. This study on adolescents observed that supplementation with Cognizin improved attention, psychomotor speed, and reduced impulsivity compared to adolescent males who received placebo.
2. A study of middle-aged women who were administered a 500mg dose showed a significantly better ability to produce correct responses on a continuous performance test, likely due to improved cognitive inhibition. These findings suggest that Cognizin can improve attentional performance.
3. This study of healthy volunteers who were administered a 500mg dose of CDP-choline had significantly improved processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory compared to those taking the placebo.
4. A study of older volunteers given citicoline showed that intake of 1000mg per day for 3 months improved delayed recall on logical memory for subjects with inefficient memories.
5. This study of elderly volunteers administered citicoline at doses of 500mg per day for 4 weeks showed a significant improvement in word recall, immediate object recall, and delayed object recall. 
6. This study showed that a group of healthy volunteers who were administered Cognizin at a dose of 500mg per day for 6 weeks had improved frontal lobe bioenergetics, which suggests citicoline supplementation may help to mitigate cognitive decline associated with ageing.
7.  A study on 40 healthy volunteers showed that administration of 500mg of citicoline improved most variables of psychomotor performance and working memory compared to placebo.

1. This is a physical trial on physicians (20-35 years old) during night duty and tested for categories such as mental fatigue, involving complex perceptive and cognitive cerebral functions, associative thinking, short-term memory, calculation, ability of concentration, and speed of audio-visual perception. It found that there was a statistically significant improvement in all 5 tests meaning that in these cases Rhodiola Rosea helps relieve stress induced fatigue.
2. Over 150 cadets, between the ages of 19 and 21, were given Rhodiola rosea supplements during a specific cognitive test with a background of stress-induced fatigue. This study found there was a pronounced anti-fatigue effect in psychometric tests compared to a placebo group.
3. A study on men and women between the ages of 20 and 55, where Rhodiola rosea was administered daily, showed a significant difference in numerous tests aiming to see its effect on fatigue and attention. The study concluded that repeated supplementation with rhodiola rosea has an anti-fatigue effect that increases mental performance, particularly with improved concentration and decreasing the body's stress responses.
4. This clinical trial on 120 people suffering from burnout given a daily dosage of 400mg rhodolia rosea for 12 weeks demonstrated significant improvement for all stress related symptoms.
5. A study on students showed that supplementation of rhodiola rosea during a busy exam period significantly improved mental fatigue and neuro-motoric tests.

1. This physical study on young adults tested L-theanine and caffeine in conjunction with one another on a plethora of cognitive-behavioural tasks. When combined and supplemented, those who took caffeine and L-theanine saw an increase in accuracy during task switching tests and subjective alertness and tiredness, showing that the combination helps focus attention during arduous cognitive tasks.
2. This study tested healthy, young participants using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to measure their brainwave activity while supplementing L-theanine. The data this study provided suggests that L-theanine has a significant effect on the brain's state of alertness and awakeness.
3. Healthy adults who were given 200mg of L-theanine per day for 4 weeks had improved cognitive function, verbal fluency and executive function scores, and reduced stress related symptoms in this randomised placebo controlled trial.
4. This study on the effect of theanine and caffeine on attention showed that recognition visual reaction time was significantly improved by theanine, caffeine, and the theanine caffeine combination compared to placebo.
5. This study showed that both L-theanine and L-theanine caffeine combination resulted in faster responses than placebo due to a decrease in activity in brain regions which typically show increased activation during mind wandering, suggesting that L-theanine enhances attention to target stimuli.
6. This study showed that the combined intake of L-theanine and caffeine on athletes had the best effect on cognitive performance, and the combination of both was found to be more effective than single use of caffeine or L-theanine.

1. This is a human trial on caffeine consumers at different dosages (0mg, 12.5mg, 25mg, 50 mg, and 100mg) and its effect on cognitive performance. The study shows that after overnight caffeine abstinence, caffeine can significantly affect cognitive performance and mood at doses within and even lower than the range of amounts of caffeine contained in a single serving of popular caffeine-containing drinks.
2. This study on non-dependent caffeine consumers tested mood, alertness, and cognitive performance. The data showed that with caffeine supplementation, the participants had an increased number of hits and decreased reaction times in a vigilance task. This data suggests an increase in mental performance and significantly increased feelings of subjective positive mood. It's worth noting that this test also shows that when caffeine is supplemented alone, it can impair performance on memory-based tasks.
3. This study psychometrically tested 27 participants who had ingested either caffeine alone, caffeine and L-theanine, or a placebo. The data that this study collected showed that when administering caffeine alone, there was an improvement in alertness and accuracy; however, it also found that upon supplementing both caffeine and L-theanine, there was an improvement in accuracy, speed, and performance on memory tasks.
4. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) published a scientific opinion on the ‘increased alertness’ health claim related to caffeine. They concluded that at doses of over 75mg per serving in all caffeine related scientific studies that have been carried out, a significant reduction in measures of reaction time is observed. 

1. This physical trial on 30 healthy young adults tested supplementation with either a placebo, 200mg of Panax ginseng, or 400mg of Panax ginseng. The study found Panax ginseng can improve performance and subjective feelings of mental fatigue during sustained mental activity. Read More
2. This study investigated the antifatigue effects of panax ginseng in 90 subjects (21 men and 69 women) experiencing long-lasting fatigue in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-designed trial. The results provide evidence of the antifatigue effects of panax ginseng in patients suffering from long-lasting fatigue symptoms. Read More
3. This study, which tested the administration of a combination of Panax ginseng, glucose, and a placebo to 27 healthy young adults, shows that Panax ginseng has a clear effect on mental arithmetic performance. The study's results showed that Panax ginseng enhanced performances on a calculation task and reduced the increase in mental fatigue experienced by participants during the later stages of a demanding mental task. Read More

Vitamin B1

Adequate thiamine levels are essential for brain cells to produce and utilise energy efficiently. A well-functioning energy metabolism is vital for maintaining optimal cognitive function and mental clarity. Read More

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin aids in the synthesis of two coenzymes that support antioxidant processes in the body: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Antioxidants assist in defending against oxidative stress, which can cause cell damage and cognitive decline in brain cells.
Riboflavin is essential for maintaining the myelin sheath, a protective layer around nerve cells. Myelin sheaths that are intact support effective neuronal communication, improving overall brain function. Read More

Vitamin B3

Niacin is a precursor to two coenzymes that help cells produce energy: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). It is essential for brain cells to have an adequate energy metabolism in order to support cognitive processes. Read More

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Brain cells must have an adequate energy metabolism in order to support normal cognitive functions. Read More

Vitamin B6

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that slows signals in the brain and causes a calming effect in times of stress, as well as serotonin and dopamine synthesis, is dependent upon the vitamin Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6). These neurotransmitters are essential for mood regulation, cognitive processes, and overall brain function. Read More

Vitamin B7

Biotin plays a role in gluconeogenesis, a process where the body synthesises glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, like proteins and fats. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is important for brain function, as the brain relies on glucose as its primary energy source. Read More

Vitamin B9

Folate is essential for the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA, which are crucial for cell growth and function, including brain cells. Importantly, Folate is involved in methylation reactions in the body, which influence gene expression and various biochemical pathways. Read More

Vitamin B12

Maintaining adequate B12 levels is crucial for supporting brain function and preventing cognitive decline.Read More

Sucralose

This meta analysis shows the safety of the use of sucralose Read More

Acesulfame K

This meta analysis shows the safety of the use of Acesulfame K Read More